TCP/IP (UDP/IP) Protcol Suite Overview

Application Layer

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:38:32 +0800

The TCP/IP protocol suite establishes the technical foundation of the Internet. (UDP/IP is part of the the family).

Presentation Laye

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:38:34 +0800

Presentation Layer

Session Layer

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:38:36 +0800

Session Layer

Transport Layer

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:38:38 +0800

Transport Layer

Routing Protocols

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:38:42 +0800

Routing Protocols

Multicast Protocols

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Multicast Protocols

Data Link Layer

NetworkDictionary — Wed, 06 Dec 2006 11:30:54 +0800

Data Link Layer

BOOTP: Bootstrap Protocol

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:38:53 +0800

The Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP) is an UDP/IP-based protocol which allows a booting host to configure itself dynamically and without user supervision.

DCAP: Data Link Switching Client Access Protocol

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:38:55 +0800

The Data Link Switching Client Access Protocol (DCAP) is an application layer protocol used between workstations and routers to transport SNA/NetBIOS traffic over TCP sessions.

DHCP: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:38:57 +0800

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a communications enabling network administrators manage centrally and automate the assignment of IP addresses in a network.

DNS: Domain Name Systems

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:38:59 +0800

DNS (Domain Name System or Service) is a distributed Internet directory service. DNS is used mostly to translate between domain names (www.domainname.com) and IP addresses (123.123.123.123), and to control Internet email delivery.

FTP: File Transfer Protocol

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:39:01 +0800

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) enables file sharing between hosts. FTP uses TCP to create a virtual connection for control information and then creates a separate TCP connection for data transfers.

Finger: User Information Protocol

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:39:04 +0800

The Finger user information protocol provides an interface to a remote user information program (RUIP). Finger is a protocol for the exchange of user information, based on the Transmission Control Protocol, using TCP port 79.

HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:39:07 +0800

The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application-level protocol with the lightness and speed necessary for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems. HTTP has been in use by the World-Wide Web global information initiative since 1990.

S-HTTP: Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:39:12 +0800

Secure HTTP (SHTTP) is a secure message-oriented communications protocol designed for use in conjunction with HTTP. S-HTTP is designed to coexist with HTTP"s messaging model and to be easily integrated with HTTP applications.

IMAP & IMAP4: Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP version 4)

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:39:15 +0800

Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) is a method of accessing electronic mail or bulletin board messages that are kept on a mail server.

IRCP (IRC): Internet Relay Chat Protocol

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:39:20 +0800

Internet Relay Chat Protocol (IRCP) enables teleconferencing on Internet, which is well-suited to running on many machines distributely.

LDAP: Lightweighted Directory Access Protocol

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:39:23 +0800

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) is designed to provide access to the X.500 Directory while not incurring the resource requirements of the Directory Access Protocol (DAP).

MIME: Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:39:25 +0800

MIME, an acronym for Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions, specifies how messages must be formatted so that they can be exchanged between different email systems

NAT: Network Address Translation

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:39:36 +0800

Basic Network Address Translation (Basic NAT) is a method by which IP addresses are mapped from one group to another, transparent to end users.

NNTP: Network News Transfer Protoco

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:39:31 +0800

NNTP specifies a protocol for the distribution, inquiry, retrieval, and posting of news articles using a reliable stream (such as TCP port 119) server-client model.

NTP: Network Time Protocol

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:39:39 +0800

Network Time Protocol (NTP) is a time synchronization system for computer clocks through the Internet network.

POP & POP3: Post Office Protocol (version 3)

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:39:43 +0800

The Post Office Protocol (POP) is designed to allow a workstation(PC) to dynamically access a maildrop on a server host.

RLOGIN: Remote Login in Unix

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:39:47 +0800

rlogin (remote login) is a Unix command that allows an authorized user to login to other UNIX machines (hosts) on a network and to interact as if the user were physically at the host computer.

RMON: Remote Monitoring MIBs in SNMP

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:39:50 +0800

Remote Monitoring (RMON) is a standard monitoring specification that enables various network monitors and console systems to exchange network-monitoring data. RMON provides network administrators with more freedom in selecting network-monitoring probes and consoles with features that meet their particular networking needs.

SLP: Service Location Protocol

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:39:52 +0800

The Service Location Protocol (SLP) provides a scalable framework for the discovery and selection of network services

S/MIME: Secure Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:39:54 +0800

MIME, an acronym for Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions, specifies how messages must be formatted so that they can be exchanged between different email systems.

SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:39:56 +0800

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is a protocol designed to transfer electronic mail reliably and efficiently. SMTP is a mail service modeled on the FTP file transfer service.

SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocol

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:39:58 +0800

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is the protocol developed to manage nodes (servers, workstations, routers, switches and hubs etc.)

SNTP: Simple Network Time Protocol

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:40:01 +0800

The Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP) Version 4 is an adaptation of the Network Time Protocol (NTP) used to synchronize computer clocks in the Internet.

TELNET: TCP/IP Terminal emulation Protocol

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:40:03 +0800

TELNET is the terminal emulation protocol in TCP/IP environment. TELNET uses the TCP as the transport protocol to establish connection between server and client.

TFTP: Trivial File Transfer Protocol

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:40:05 +0800

Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) is a simple protocol to transfer files. It has been implemented on top of the Internet User Datagram protocol (UDP or Datagram).

URL: Uniform Resource Locator

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:40:07 +0800

Uniform Resource Location (URL) is the syntax and semantics for a compact string representation for a resource available via the Internet.

Whois (and RWhois): Directory Access Protocol

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:40:11 +0800

The whois protocol retrieves information about domain names from a central registry. The whois service is provided by the organizations that run the Internet.

XMPP: Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:40:13 +0800

Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) is designed to stream XML elements for near-real-time messaging, presence, and request-response services.

LPP: Lightweight Presentation Protocol

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:40:15 +0800

Lightweight Presentation Protocol (LPP) describes an approach for providing "stream-lined" support of OSI application services on top of TCP/IP-based network for some constrained environments.

NBSS: NetBIOS Session Service over TCP/IP

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:40:17 +0800

NetBIOS stands for Network Basic Input Output System which is created by IBM. NetBIOS defines a software interface and standard methods providing a communication interface between the application program and the attached medium.

RPC: Remote Procedure Call protocol

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:40:21 +0800

Remote Procedure Call (RPC) is a protocol for requesting a service from a program located in a remote computer through network without having to understand the under layer network technologies.

ITOT: ISO Transport Over TCP/IP

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:40:23 +0800

ISO Transport Service on top of TCP (ITOT) is a mechanism enables ISO applications to be ported to TCP/IP network.

RDP: Reliable Data Protocol

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:40:25 +0800

RDP is a connection-oriented transport protocol designed to efficiently support the bulk transfer of data for such host monitoring and control applications as loading/dumping and remote debugging.

RUDP: Reliable UDP

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:40:27 +0800

Reliable UDP (RUDP) is a simple packet based transport protocol, based on RFCs 980 (version 1) and 1151 (version 2), which is intended as a reliable protocol to transport telephony signalling across IP networks.

TALI: Transport Adapter Layer Interface

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:40:29 +0800

TALI is the interfaces of a Signalling Gateway, which provides interworking between the Switched Circuit Network (SCN) and an IP network.

TCP: Transmission Control Protocol

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:40:32 +0800

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is the transport layer protocol in the TCP/IP protocol suite, which provides a reliable stream delivery and virtual connection service to applications through the use of sequenced acknowledgment with retransmission of packets when necessary.

UDP: User Datagram Protocol

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:40:34 +0800

UDP is a connectionless transport layer (layer 4) protocol in OSI model, which provides a simple and unreliable message service for transaction-oriented services. UDP is basically an interface between IP and upper-layer processes.

Van Jacobson: Compressed TCP

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:40:36 +0800

Van Jacobson is a compressed TCP protocol which improves the TCP/IP performance over low speed (300 to 19,200 bps) serial links.

Routing Protocols

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:40:38 +0800

Routing Protocols allow routers to dynamically advertise and learn routes, determine which routes are available and which are the most efficient routes to a destination.

BGP/BGP4: Border Gateway Protocol

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:40:40 +0800

The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), runs over TCP, is an inter-Autonomous System routing protocol. BGP is the only protocol that is designed to deal with a network of the Internet"s size, and the only protocol that can deal well with having multiple connections to unrelated routing domains.

EGP: Exterior Gateway Protocol

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:40:42 +0800

Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) is for exchanging routing information between two neighbor gateway hosts in a network of autonomous systems.

ICMP/ICMPv6: Internet Control Message Protocol

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:40:44 +0800

Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is an integrated part of IP suite. ICMP messages, delivered in IP packets, are used for out-of-band messages related to network operation or mis-operation.

IP: Internet Protocol

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:40:46 +0800

The Internet Protocol (IP) is a network-layer (Layer 3) protocol in the OSI model that contains addressing information and some control information to enable packets being routed in network.

IPv6: Internet Protocol version 6

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:40:48 +0800

IPv6 is the new version of Internet Protocol (IP) based on IPv4, a network-layer (Layer 3) protocol that contains addressing information and some control information enabling packets to be routed in the network.

IRDP: ICMP Router Discovery Protocol

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:40:51 +0800

ICMP Router Discovery Protocol (IRDP) enables a host to determine the address of a router that it can use as a default gateway. Similar to ES-IS but used with IP.

NARP: NBMA Address Resolution Protocol

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:40:53 +0800

The NBMA Address Resolution Protocol (NARP) allows a source terminal (a host or router), wishing to communicate over a Non-Broadcast, Multi-Access (NBMA) link layer network, to find out the NBMA addresses of a destination terminal if the destination terminal is connected to the same NBMA network as the source.

NHRP: Next Hop Resolution Protocol

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:40:55 +0800

Next Hop Resolution Protocol (NHRP) is used by a source station (host or router) connected to a Non-Broadcast, Multi-Access (NBMA) subnetwork to determine the internetworking layer address and NBMA subnetwork addresses of the "NBMA next hop" towards a destination station.

OSPF: Open Shortest Path First

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:40:57 +0800

OSPF is an interior gateway protocol used for routing between routers belonging to a single Autonomous System.

RIP (RIP2): Routing Information Protocol

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:40:59 +0800

RIP (Routing Information Protocol) is a standard for exchange of routing information among gateways and hosts. RIP is most useful as an "interior gateway protocol".

RIPng: RIP for IPv6

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:41:00 +0800

RIPng (RIP next generation) is an information routing protocol for the IPv6. RIPng for IPv6 is based on protocols and algorithms used extensively in the IPv4 Internet such as RIP and RIP2.

RSVP: Resource ReSerVation Protocol

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:41:03 +0800

RSVP is a resource reservation setup protocol designed for quality integrated services on Internet. RSVP is used by a host to request specific qualities of service from the network for particular application data streams or flows.

VRRP: Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:41:04 +0800

Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) specifies an election protocol that dynamically assigns responsibility for a virtual router to one of the VRRP routers on a LAN. The VRRP router controlling the IP address(es) associated with a virtual router is called the Master, and forwards packets sent to these IP addresses.

BGMP: Border Gateway Multicast Protocol

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:41:06 +0800

Border Gateway Multicast Protocol (BGMP) is a protocol for inter-domain multicast routing. BGMP natively supports "source-specific multicast" (SSM).

DVMRP: distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:41:09 +0800

Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP) is an Internet routing protocol that provides an efficient mechanism for connectionless message multicast to a group of hosts across an internetwork.

IGMP: Internet Group Management protocol

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:41:11 +0800

Internet Group management protocol (IGMP), a multicasting protocol in the internet protocols family, is used by IP hosts to report their host group memberships to any immediately neighboring multicast routers. IGMP messages are encapsulated in IP datagrams, with an IP protocol number of 2. IGMP has versions IGMP v1, v2 and v3.

MARS: Multicast Address Resolution Server

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:41:13 +0800

Multicasting is the process that a source host or protocol entity sends a packet to multiple destinations simultaneously using a single, local "transmit" operation. ATM is being utilized as a link layer technology to support a variety of protocols, including IP

MBGP: Multiprotocol BGP

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:41:15 +0800

The multiprotocol BGP (MBGP) feature adds capabilities to BGP to enable multicast routing policy throughout the Internet and to connect multicast topologies within and between BGP autonomous systems.

MOSPF: Multicast OSPF

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:41:17 +0800

Multicast Extensions to OSPF (MOSPF) provides enhancements to OSPF Version 2 to support IP multicast routing.

MSDP: Multicast Source Discovery Protocol

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:41:19 +0800

The Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP) describes a mechanism to connect multiple PIM Sparse-Mode (PIM-SM) domains together.

MZAP: Multicast-Scope Zone Announcement Protocol

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:41:21 +0800

Multicast-Scope Zone Announcement Protocol (MZAP) is for the discovery of the multicast administrative scope zones that are relevant at a particular location.

PGM: Pragmatic General Multicast Protocol

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:41:23 +0800

Pragmatic General Multicast (PGM) is a reliable transport protocol for applications that require ordered or unordered, duplicate-free, multicast data delivery from multiple sources to multiple receivers.

PIM-DM: Protocol Independent Multicast - Dense Mode

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:41:25 +0800

Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) has two modes: Sparse Mode and Dense Mode. We focus on the Dense Mode in this document.

PIM-SM: Protocol Independent Multicast - Sparse Mode

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:41:29 +0800

Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) has two modesL Sparse Mode and Dense Mode. We focus on the Sparse Mode (PIM-SM) in this document.

MPLS: Multi-Protocol Label Switching

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:41:33 +0800

Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS), an architecture for fast packet switching and routing, provides the designation, routing, forwarding and switching of traffic flows through the network.

CR-LDP: Constraint-Based Label Distribution Protocol

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:41:35 +0800

CR-LDP, constraint-based LDP, is one of the protocols in the MPLS architecture. CR-LDP contains extensions for LDP to extend its capabilities such as setup paths beyond what is available for the routing protocol. For instance, an LSP can be setup based on explicit route constraints, QoS constraints, and other constraints.

GMPLS: Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:41:38 +0800

Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching (GMPLS) enhances MPLS architecture by the complete separation of the control and data planes of various networking layers.

LDP: Label Distribution Protocol

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:41:40 +0800

LDP (Label Distribution Protocol) is a key protocol in the MPLS (Multi Protocol Label Switching) architecture. In the MPLS network, 2 label switching routers (LSR) must agree on the meaning of the labels used to forward traffic between and through them.

RSVP-TE: Resource ReSerVation Protocol-Traffic Engineering

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:41:42 +0800

The RSVP-TE protocol is an addition to the RSVP protocol for establishing label switched paths (LSPs) in MPLS networks.

ARP: Address Resolution Protocol

NetworkDictionary — Tue, 30 Jan 2007 13:41:46 +0800

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) performs mapping of an IP address to a physical machine address (MAC address for Ethernet) that is recognized in the local network. For example, in IP Version 4, an address is 32 bits long.